Franklin D. Roosevelt Essays (1030 words) - The Holocaust In Germany

Franklin D. Roosevelt In 1929, President Herbert Hoover declared, with confidence, that, "We in America today is nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land."1 The decade of the 1920s was one of unbounded prosperity and optimism. The stock market was up, credit buying was at an all-time high; cars, radio, television and jazz were popular. All this brought major changes to the American way of life. Then, without warning, the stock market crashes. The 29th day of October marked the end of the Jazz Age and the beginning of the Great Depression. Industrial and farm production dropped rapidly and unemployment rose from 4 million to 8 million to 12 million between 1930 and 1932! The jobless lived as drifters in small cities of tin huts known as "Hoovervilles." Banks closed down as everyone withdrew all of their money out of fear of losing it. People were in bread lines that spanned many blocks while once successful businessmen sold fruit on street corners. The systems had failed and the people lost trust in their government. A cold March day brought on the close of every bank at noon. All the president had to say was, "We are at the end of our string."2 In March of 1933, the people decided to elect a 51-year old man named Franklin Delanor Roosevelt. He had assured the people he had a way to fight the depression that had engulfed the country, he brought them "The New Deal." Making good on his pledge for action, FDR enacted the first phase of his plan which included getting the banks back on their feet and fixing the economic and social disaster created by the crash. He gave jobs to the unemployed through the Public Works and Works Progress Administrations. And the National Recovery and Agricultural Adjustment Administrations were used to reopen businesses and put farmers back into production. To the American people, he truly gave them "a New Deal." On the other hand, when the German economy collapsed in the beginning of the 1930s, people began to see Hitler's propositions with a more open mind. The depression spread through the country as inflation, which was created by wiping out savings, had thrown many of the middle classes down into the poverty level. Many civil servants and small shopkeepers were swindled out of their life's savings by clever, fast-talking salesmen. These people were the ones looking to Hitler for salvation from their problems. Hitler ascribed all of the present suffering to the Jews. He propagated that the Russian Jews were responsible for the corruption in the government, Western Jews were responsible for the inflation and the German Jews were profiting from all of the suffering. 'The Jews are our misfortune,' was a common cry in the German National Socialist Workers' Party. In January of 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed to the position of Chancellor by President von Hindenberg in hopes of recreating their crippled economy. By July he had reconstructed the government to his liking, sending any opponents to concentration camps. He created the Enabling Act, which gave him unlimited dictatorial power, in March. In August of 1934, von Hindenberg passed away and Hitler announced his own presidency for life. In the early days of Hitler's regime, he relied on the industrialists and on their political representatives, the German National Party. Soon enough, though, Hitler began to ignore what the German National Party had to say and then finally expelled them completely from the government. There was on room for Hitler in Hitler's new state. With the new government came a strong need for military rearmament, which, in turn, eliminated nearly all unemployment as the industry exploded. The liquidating of Jewish businesses allowed non-Jewish companies to prosper greatly. He eventually eliminated all of his enemies, sent all Jews to concentration camps and then led Germany into World War II. In the 1930s, these two political leaders, Adolf Hitler and Franklin D. Roosevelt, were each facing the same economic crises at the same time. Although both of the leaders spoke to their people about saving the country from economic disaster, we can see the contrast in their actions and the prosperity of their countries. If the two leaders' roles were

Voltaire Candide essays

Voltaire Candide essays Voltaire was born in Paris in 1694. He had a very troubled childhood, but he managed to attend the Jesuit college of Louis le Grand in Paris where he studied literature and theater. He spent several years as a member of the royal court of Louis XV at Versailles, and was appointed as court biographer. Voltaires fame was, and still is worldwide. He spent the last 20 years of his life in Geneva, but he died in Paris in 1778. His most famous work, Candide is considered a masterpiece by most scholars today. Candide was a pure, naive man who lived in a perfect world, in the best house, with the best people, and the prettiest woman in the world. At list, that was what he thought. Then trouble begun, he tried to kiss the Lady of the house Cunegonde, and for that he was forced to leave the house, which he did and he joined the Bulgar Army. After many unfortunate situations, he went to Holland where he became friends with a merchant, and he also found his old teacher there. After some months, the three of them left and went to Lisbon where an enormous earthquake took place shortly after they arrived. Even though they lived through the earthquake, they got arrested due to their beliefs, and Candides teacher was hanged. Candide was severely beaten, but an old woman treated him in her house in the woods. There he met again with Cunegonde, and after he killed her two masters, Candide took her and went to Propontis. There he asked the permission of Cunegondes brother to marry her, and despite the brothers objections Candide married her anyway and he spent the rest of his life in a farm that he bought. Voltaire story contained many exaggerations and irony, which made it kind of funny, but a serious meaning was behind everything. Although many bad things happened to Candide he continued to believe that they happened for a good reason, and that bad things happened to good people. We can also see many historical events o...

Discussing the reasons of project failures Essay

Discussing the reasons of project failures - Essay Example These two risks evolve due to the lack of attention managers give to the end results of long-term projects as they concentrate on the recommendations of the project. The solution presented by the author to these problems is to design small teams with the task of achieving short tem results meaning implementing small projects in the overall big project that yield quick results. These teams or small projects can also be called as 'rapid-results initiatives'. The unit of analysis used in this article is the evaluation of the success or failure of a project following these rapid results initiatives. The ultimate objective of the article is to increase awareness among the managers towards the reasons as to why projects fail and how to save them after all the expense and budget that has been allocated to the projects. The author's motivation comes from the different real life examples they have quoted in the article that prove the success of these rapid result initiatives in different projects for different organizations. The role of manager here is very important as he or she has to make sure that the recommendations are followed without neglecting the end result. ... The article includes examples of organizations such as World Bank trying to improve the productivity of 120,000 small-scale farmers of Nicaragua by 16% and how they implemented the rapid results initiatives to get quick results. Another example of Avery Dennison is discussed, how this organization achieved its objective by using rapid results initiatives. The rapid result initiative approach basically works to give the responsibility of removing the two mentioned risks to the teams that have been formulated, this helps as the teams working figure out on the spot that what is wrong and how to correct it. Another advantage of this approach is that the vertical and horizontal streams are integrated to make the on going work more correctable and revisable resulting in better and effective results. Last but not the least, a rapid result initiative approach makes the upper level managers rethink of their role in the organization. This happens when during the implementation of this approach the front line managers are given some new responsibilities while the senior leaders get more time to define their role more appropriately and start all over again. The article gives solid proof of the fact that how successful is the rapid result initiative for successfully completing long-term projects. From the article a person can learn the basic problems that arise in any long-term project and how their end results de-motivate the project team members. The result to these problems and their basic implementation and recommendations are also discussed. The recommendations provided in the article are truly applicable as they are not just recommendation but they have been tried out successfully by

THE CLASSICAL AND DECORATIVE ARTS OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD Essay

THE CLASSICAL AND DECORATIVE ARTS OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD - Essay Example Muslims have ruled in different parts of the world beginning from 622 A.D. till the fall of the Ottoman Empire in the 1920s. During this long period of rule, Islamic art has gone through various changes rising and falling with the rise and fall of the different empires. Islam is a liberal religion and likewise it allows freedom to its followers within the limits of religion. Keeping this in mind the Islamic art has flourished in different periods and has been able to prove its identity in all aspects. However there has been a controversy regarding the use of figures in Islamic art and architecture. In this paper I would like to review the history of figural representation in Islamic art. Later I would like to comment on the use of figures in art and architecture from the Islamic point of view. The first examples of Islamic art appear in the period of the Caliph Umer where the amalgamation of classical and Iranian motifs and themes became prominent. The Dome of the rock in Jerusalem is a prominent example in this regard. The Dome reflects an amalgamation of the Greco-Roman, Byzantine and the Sasanian art. Islamic art emerged during the period of the Caliph Umer (661-750). This period is often considered as the formative period in the history of Islamic art (The Nature of Islamic Art, n.d.). Figural imagery was found in the Umayad palaces of the inland Levant such as Mushatta and the Khirbat al Mafjar (Allen, 1988). With the spread of Islam in different parts of the world, Islamic art continued to flourish under different influences. Despite the fact that Islamic art came under different changes due to different influences in different periods, the unique thing about it is that it has been able to maintain its individuality and identity. The most salient features of Islamic art are Calligraphy is regarded as the highest form of Islamic art. It is the art of writing Quranic verses in different

Does fall risk screening tools lead to reduction in falls in acute Article

Does fall risk screening tools lead to reduction in falls in acute hospital stays - Article Example In part 2, a review of literature identified from the database search on fall screening tools and their influence on falls during acute hospitalization would be presented, articulating factors that informed the choice of the topic, barriers to resolving underlying problems and the best practices to adopt so as to make fall screening tools effective. There has been an increase in conducting research in nursing due to the need for evidence-based professional practice. This has seen the emergence of evidence-based practice, EBP which, according to Polit and Beck (2012), entails the use of best clinical evidence to make patient care decisions. Such evidence would be informed through conducting research from a repertoire of information and knowledge which vary in validity and reliability. Nonetheless, disciplined research provides the most sophisticated approach to acquiring knowledge developed by humans over time. Cumulative findings from systematically and rigorously appraised research provide the basis for a majority of evidence hierarchies. Following this development, in seeking to evaluate whether fall risk screening tools reduce fall risks in acute hospital stays, I used a relevant database to search for reliable articles to provide relevant literature review. Indeed, healthcare literature on fall risk assessment, even when specifically limited to acute care hospital settings, exist in their abundance. Thus, the knowledge on importance for most appropriate literature for the study topic would be critical. I used PubMed (pubmed.gov), a free search engine that primarily accesses the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, MEDLINE database, for this search because of its comprehensive resourcefulness in online references for students (Polit & Beck, 2013). To begin with, I identified key words as guided by the topic of study. Thus, I came up with fall risk, assessment tool and

Agent orange in Vietnam: Effects and remediation

Agent orange in Vietnam: Effects and remediation ABSTRACT Many types of herbicides were used during the Vietnam War for the purpose of destroying the forests, where Vietnamese soldiers sheltered. Among them, the chemical that was used the most and most hazardous was Agent Orange. This paper, based on secondary research, will discuss some main issues of Agent Orange in Vietnam. In particular, three facets are mentioned, including the effects of Agent Orange on the environment and human in Vietnam, the manner of overcoming its consequences and the struggle for justice for Agent Orange sufferers. Overall, the paper draws the conclusion that the remediation of Agent Orange effects is gradually carried out, but it requires a lot of time and manpower to basically clean-up the remainder of the toxic. Agent Orange In Vietnam: Effects And Remediation Introduction. In Vietnam War, the U.S. Army used a chemical substance called Agent Orange to reveal Vietnam soldiers’ cover and shelters during their chemical warfare in Vietnam. Agent Orange is a name of the herbicide established for military, which contains a dangerous chemical contaminant called dioxin. Dioxin in Agent Orange is a highly toxic and it can cause disabilities, birth defects, diabetes and even cancer. The main purpose of using this deadly substance is to destroy dense terrain in jungles, where Vietnam Armies may be hiding; and to devastate Vietnam’s vegetation and sources of food. It is noteworthy that Agent Orange was sprayed up to about 50 times concentration recommended by manufacturers for eliminating plants in agriculture. The Agent was sprayed over South Vietnam by trucks, boats, infantryman backpack sprayers, and mostly by cargo aircrafts. In fact, not only the environment was destroyed, but human who exposed to the chemical could also be associated with seriou s health issues. It affected both Vietnamese people, and U.S Army veterans, who directly spread this substance into environment. This paper discusses the tremendous impacts of Agent Orange on environment as well as on people in Vietnam, how to remedy its consequences and describes the struggle for justice for Agent Orange victims. Effects of Agent Orange in Vietnam. Effects of Agent Orange on environment. For the first time in human history, a kind of noxious herbicide was used on a large scale in Southern Vietnam, and it caused severe consequences for the ecological environment. In fact, about 72 liters of herbicides (include 44 liters of Agent Orange) was sent out by U.S Army. 86% of the toxic was sprayed directly onto forest land, while 14% remaining was sprayed straight onto agriculture land, where mostly planted rice (H.T 2005). Such enormous amount of these fatal herbicides had created many terrific impacts on environment in Vietnam. From 1965 to 1971, the U.S Military sprayed Agent Orange over approximately 24% of Southern Vietnam, at least 5 million acres of forests and 500,000 acres of crops were destroyed (Vo, cited in Joseph 2011), corresponding to 12% of forest cover and 5% of arable land in total area (H.T 2005). As said by Stellman (cited in Vo 2009, unpub.), they sprayed the herbicide repeatedly in high concentrations, which comprised 3-4 mg/l, much higher than in circumstance of large-scale production and emergency. As a result, this chemical toxin had killed trees, animals, caused ecological imbalance and did great damage to forest resources. The abundant rainforest ecosystem completely vanished, and replaced by a ragged ecosystem. Various types of forests and natural resources in Southern Vietnam were influenced. Animals’ natural habitat was also heavily affected. A lot of plants in forests died and this led to the depletion of genetic resources of a number of rare species. The use of Agent Orange and some else herbicides in Vietnam War had devastated vast areas of forests, which is a very essential basis for stable development of Vietnam. Besides the ecosystem, the soil was also contaminated as a result of the herbicides. The nutrient composition of the soil was damaged and the topsoil became exhausted. When the forests were exterminated, the soil would no longer be covered, and this brought about soil erosion. Research have pointed out that 3.3 million hectares of natural land, including 2 million hectares of domestic forest land were affected by herbicides. In many large areas, land has not been able to be used for cultivation and grazing livestock because the toxic have absorbed deeply into the soil. Since the contaminant dioxin is not broken down quickly and easily in soil, even today, traces of dioxin are still found in soil in many parts of Southern Vietnam. Effects of Agent Orange on human. A. Schecter J. Constable wrote that â€Å"There is no doubt that during and after the war, many Vietnamese absorbed this very toxic material (dioxin). It is our belief from toxicological research and epidemiological studies from many countries that this dioxin probably resulted in significant health effects in Vietnam.† Dioxin, even with infinitesimal amounts could seriously damage human’s health and reduce the lives of people exposed to it as well. In fact, dioxin can cause a great deal of diseases, such as Hodgkin’s disease, mental disorders, soft-tissue sarcoma, diabetes and several kinds of cancer (Martin 2009). Additionally, there is a potential that it can create several legacies for future generations. According to War Legacies Project (Dwernychuk et al. n.d.), herbicides, including Agent Orange had compromised about 4.5 million Vietnamese civilians and 2.8 million U.S veterans. Among them, it is estimated by the Vietnamese Red Cross that up to 3 million Vietnamese have suffered health effects and 150,000 children were born with birth defects (Fawthrop, 2004). The truth is there are so many people were killed by Agent Orange that there are not any firm statistics of the number of people died after exposing to this chemical toxic. With people who survived in the chemical warfare, dioxin would exist in their body for at least 10-12 years. Consequently, their offspring might be at risk of legacies, although they were born many years after war and far from battlefields. There are some kinds of birth defects namely cleft lip, cleft palate, fused digits, muscle malformations and paralysis; and some developmental disabilities as stated by NAS (cited in Dwernychuk et al. n.d.). More dangerous, plants and animals, which are sources of human’s food might consumed dioxin in soil and water, then the toxic may enter bodies through food chain, destroying human from cells. In short, the consequences of Agent Orange/Dioxin are enormous, long lasting and not been thoroughly studied. For those reasons, there have not been any ways to overcome its effects completely and swiftly. Remediation of the consequences of Agent Orange. Process of overcoming Agent Orange’s effects on environment and human. To surmount the consequences of Agent Orange/Dioxin in Vietnam, it requires both effort from this country and the U.S government. The very first thing needed is starting an afforestation program to green the area destroyed by Agent Orange. Scientists have planted rapidly growing trees to create the necessary coverage for bare land, and then they intercropped native plants to recover the featured ecosystem. Furthermore, a project called â€Å"Training for local human resources to restore forest ecosystem and reuse of degraded land due to the effects of toxic chemicals during the war† was launched with the financial support from Ford Foundation (Vo 2009). On the U.S Government’s side, they have also launched a project to clean up Agent Orange in Vietnam. Accordingly, they are providing $43 million to diminish the contamination degree in an area of 73,000 meters square from 2013 to 2016 (Ho, cited in Perry 2012). A decontamination clean-up site was established in Da Nang to allow the clean-up and Vietnam and the United States are looking at new sites in Dong Nai and Binh Dinh in the near future. Both of the two nations also hope to reach the target of fundamentally resolving the aftermath of Agent Orange/Dioxin by 2020. Besides, addressing health issues is also an integral part on the way eradicating Agent Orange/Dioxin in Vietnam. A report in the Make Agent Orange History (2012) revealed that in an effort to remedy health effects, Vietnamese government makes a grant of about $40 million each year to Agent Orange victims. The Vietnam Red Cross has also raised a donation of more than $22 million to assist Vietnamese affected by the toxic herbicides. Likewise, the Ford Foundation, UNICEF along with other organizations and contributors has given $39.1 for health care and other services for the sufferers. An amount of $40.1 million had also been distributed for remediation and health programs by the U.S Congress The struggle for justice for Agent Orange victims. For many years, Vietnam has tried to require the U.S government to take responsibility for environmental and health consequences of Agent Orange used in Vietnam. Nevertheless, the negotiations are still not getting anywhere. As a consequence, a group of Vietnamese scientists decided to sue 39 chemical companies and those people who responsible in a number of courts in America (Dinh 2005). However, the lawsuits were judged unfairly and all dismissed. Although did not achieve the goal, the lawsuit has helped many people around the world have a closer look at the tragedy of Agent Orange. In the meantime, Vietnamese community has launched a campaign to appeal for the support from people around the world by collecting signatures. Fortunately, public opinion is supporting the lawsuit very strongly. The more good news is, in 2009, the Tribunal of Conscience concluded that the using Agent Orange of the U.S government is a war crime against humanity and a genocide crime human and environment and Vietnam. Accordingly, the U.S government and 39 chemical companies must take full responsibility and compensate the victims of Agent Orange (Hoang 2009). That is the biggest success so far of the Vietnam Association of Vi ctims of Agent Orange so far. However, the struggle to find justice for the victims is still challenging. Vietnamese people have to be persistent, thus, it requires the help of millions of people to heal the â€Å"Orange Pain†. Conclusion The above analysis has pointed out a great deal of massive consequences of Agent Orange on both the environment and human in Vietnam. Numerous negative effects caused by this chemical toxic still remain until now and they are likely to continue to exist in many, many years. Meanwhile, the process of overcoming the consequences is still carried out step by step by Vietnam, along with the help of the USA as well as many other organizations. What is more, the fight for the rights of casualties also has achieved certain success. However, these are the very first steps. In order to completely eliminate the effects of Agent Orange, this process need a lot more time and effort as well as the assistance of millions, even billions of people around the world. REFERENCES Dinh Vuong 2005, ‘Và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥ kià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n cà ¡Ã‚ »a cà ¡c nà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡n nhà ¢n chà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢c da cam/Dioxin Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t Nam Hà  nh trà ¬nh Ä‘Ã ²i cà ´ng là ½Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, Khoa Hoc Phap Ly Magazine, vol. 3, viewed 22 February, 2014. Dwernychuk, W Bailey, C., n.d.,‘Health effects of Agent Orange/Dioxin’, War Legacies, viewed 15 February, 2014, http://www.warlegacies.org/health.htm. Fawthrop, T. 2004, ‘Vietnams War against Agent Orange’, BBC News story, viewed 18 February, 2014, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3798581.stm. H.T, 2005, ‘Chà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢c mà  u da cam huà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ · dià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t mà ´i trÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng à ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t Nam nhÆ ° thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ nà  o?’, Khoahoc, viewed 12 February, 2014, http://www.khoahoc.com.vn/doisong/moi-truong/tham-hoa/606_Chat-doc-mau-da-cam-huy-diet-moi-truong-o-Viet-Nam-nhu-the-nao.aspx. Hoang Nghia 2009, ‘Toà   à ¡n LÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡ng tà ¢m Nhà ¢n dà ¢n thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ già ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi: Cà ´ng là ½ là   lÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡ng tri nhà ¢n loà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i’ [online] Available at URL: http://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/Home/Binh-luan/2009/1887/Toa-an-Luong-tam-Nhan-dan-the-gioi-Cong-ly-la-luong.aspx (Accessed 23 February, 2014) Joshep, J. 2011, ‘Là ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ch sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ­ chà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢c Da cam và   Dioxin à ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t Nam’, viewed 10 February, 2014, http://www.aspeninstitute.org/vi/policy-work/agent-orange/history. ‘Make Agent Orange History 2012’, ‘Solutions for Agent Orange In Vietnam’, viewed February 20, 2014), http://makeagentorangehistory.org/agent-orange-resources/background/solutions-for-agent-orange-in-vietnam/. Martin, M.F., 2009, Vietnamese Victims of Agent Orange and U.S.-Vietnam Relations, United States Congressional Research Service, p.10, viewed 14 February, 2014 Perry, M. 2012, ‘U.S. starts its first Agent Orange cleanup in Vietnam’ [online] Available at URL: http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/09/us-vietnam-usa-agentorange-idUSBRE87803K20120809 (Accessed February 20, 2014) Vo Quy, 2009, Report in the cahier of Agent Orange, 2nd at United States House of Representatives, viewed 14 February, 2014. `

Five-Year Career Development Plan Essay -- Career Ambition

The term career plan is the broad-based exploration associated with the career or profession expansion or growth and gives a clear explanation concerning the people who administer his or her careers within the corporations along with what aspects corporations use in formulating his or her career improvement among his or her associates. Expanding or enlarging a career or professional preparation is not an easy task for the reason behind the expansion plan assists in planning the upcoming period; throughout the whole life period people continually alter or change his or her careers frequently. Therefore, totally based upon victorious evolution or changeovers is the arrangement a person has infect made in favor of unexpected changes or alterations. Imagination relating to the career planning seems to be a crucial factor in favor of a person’s present career to the subsequent one, devoid of the connection, one may easily hesitate or unable to find the right target, subsequently if a person has an association or connection a person must be secure and know proper course of action, which a person has to follow (Hansen, n.d, Para. 2). Further mentioned details below give a clear understanding concerning a person’s career or future expansion program based upon five-year duration. Career Goals and Objectives Career targets or aims seem to be the reasonable or rationale upcoming results relating to somewhat a person has thought in his or her mind. Goals or objectives need to be SMART or elegant, where SMART depicts specific or precise, measurable or considerable, attainable or achievable, realistic or down-to-earth and finally it must be within periods (LoveToKnow, 2010). Ahead of gradation the next target is to acquire a ma... ... Career Vision. (2004). What is career management? Retrieved from http://www.careervision.org/About/CareerManagement.htm Hanse, Randall S. (n.d.). Quintessential careers. Developing a strategic vision of your career plan. Retrieved from http://www.quintcareers.com/career_plan.html LoveToKnow. (2006-2010). Business. Examples of SMART goals and objectives. Retrieved from http://business.lovetoknow.com/ wiki/Examples_of_SMART_ Goals_and_Objectives State of the Service Report. (2006-2007). Employee engagement and job satisfaction. Employee survey. Retrieved from http://www.apsc.gov.au/stateoftheservice/0607/partthreesatisfactionattributes.htm The World Bank Group. (2010). Education. Human development network. Retrieved from http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/ EXTEDUCATION/0,menuPK:282391~pagePK:149018~piPK:149093~theSitePK:2823 86,00.html

Case Study 2

Case Study 2 Springfield Express is a luxury passenger carrier in Texas. All seats are first class, and the following data are available: Number of seats per passenger train car 90 Average load factor (percentage of seats filled) 70% Average full passenger fare $ 160 Average variable cost per passenger $ 70 Fixed operating cost per month $3,150,000 Formula : Revenue = Units Sold * Unit priceContribution Margin = Revenue – All Variable Cost Contribution Margin Ratio = Contribution Margin/Selling Price Break Even Points in Units = (Total Fixed Costs + Target Profit )/Contribution Margin Break Even Points in Sales = (Total Fixed Costs + Target Profit )/Contribution Margin Ratio Margin of Safety = Revenue – Break Even Points in Sales Degree of Operating Leverage = Contribution Margin/Net Income Net Income = Revenue – Total Variable Cost – Total Fixed Cost Unit Product Cost using Absorption Cost = (Total Variable Cost + Total Fixed Cost)/# of units a. Contribu tion margin per passenger =$160 – $70 = $90Contribution margin ratio =$90/$160=56. 25% Break-even point in passengers = Fixed costs/Contribution Margin = $ 3,150,000/$90 Passengers =35,000 Break-even point in dollars = Fixed Costs/Contribution Margin Ratio = $ 3,150,000/56. 25% $ 5,600,000 b. Compute # of seats per train car (remember load factor? )= 90 * 70% = 63 Seats filled Compute # of train cars (rounded) = 35,000/63 = 556 train cars filled c. Contribution margin = $190 – $70 = $120 Break-even point in passengers = fixed costs/ contribution margin =$ 3,150,000/$120 Passengers = 26,250 BE = 90 seats *60% = 54Train cars (rounded) = 26,250/54 = 486 d. Contribution margin = $190 – $90 = $70 Break-even point in passengers = Fixed costs/Contribution Margin = $ 3,150,000/$70 Passengers =45,000 BE = 90 seats *70% = 63 Train cars (rounded) = 45,000/63 = 714 e. Contribution margin = $205 – $85 = $120 (P = Passengers) Sales205*P Variable Exp. 085*P Contribution M. 120*P Fixed Exp. 3,600,000 PretaxX Tax Exp. :X*30% Net Income Op. 750,000 750,000 = X – 0. 3X (X (1 – 0. 3) => 750,000/(1-0. 3) = X X=$ 1,071,428. 57 (Pre-Tax) $ 1,071,429= 120P – $ 3,600,000 => $ 1,071,429 + $ 3,600,000= 120P => 4,671,429/120= P P =38,928 f. Contribution margin = $120 – $70 = $50 # of discounted seats = 90*70%; 90*80% ( Difference is 10%; 90*10% = 9 Seats Contribution margin for discounted fares X #discounted seats = $50 * 9 Seats = $450 50 Train *$ 450 train cars per day * 30 days per month= $675,000 $ 675,000 (-) $ 180,000 additional fixed costs = $495,000 pretax income. g. 1. Compute Contribution margin Route 1 Route2 Overall Mix Sales160*P175*P335 *p Variable Exp. 070*P070*P140 *p Contribution M. 090*P105*P195 *P Route 1 Contribution Margin Ratio =$90/$160=56. 5% Route 2 Contribution Margin Ratio =$105/$175=60% Overall Contribution Margin Ratio =$195/$335=58. 20% Answer: Yes, it should, because the CMR is greater with the two rou tes. 2. BE = 90 * 60% = 54 Seats filled Contribution margin = $175 – $70 = $105 (P = Passengers) Sales175*P (54 Seats) Variable Exp. 070*P Contribution M. 105*P Fixed Exp. 3,150,000+250,000=3,400,000 Pretax120,000 120,000 = (105P*(54 Seats)) – 3,400,000 => 3,520,000 = 5,670P => 3,520,000/5,670 = P P=621 621/54 =12 train cars 3. Contribution margin = $175 – $70 = $105 BE = 90 seats *75% = 68Contribution margin = $175 – $70 = $105 (P = Passengers) Sales175*P (68 Seats) Variable Exp. 070*P Contribution M. 105*P Fixed Exp. 3,150,000+250,000=3,400,000 Pretax120,000 120,000 = (105P*(68 Seats)) – 3,400,000 => 3,520,000 = 7,140P => 3,520,000/7,140= P P=493 493/68 = 7 train cars 4. Springfield should consider Qualitative factors such as: (1) effect on employee morale, schedules and other internal elements; (2) relationships with and commitments to older and new suppliers; (3) effect on present and future customers; and (4) long-term future effect on profita bility and new businesses. Case Study 2 Chapter 2 Case Study Summary 1: 21-year old woman that has had type 1 diabetes for the past 8 years, was brought to the hospital in a coma. She was prescribed to take 92 units of insulin a day to maintain her sugar levels within normal limits and prevent excess sugar in her urine. Upon admission she was hypontensive, tachycardic and hyperventilating.Her labs show she is acidonic, arterial blood carbon dioxide levels were low, blood oxygen tension is normal, bicarbonate levels are really low indicating metabolic acidosis, low sodium levels, slightly high level of potassium, Chloride level is on the low end of normal, very high levels of blood urea and nitrogen, total carbon dioxide levels are really low, extremely high sugar levels and high creatinine levels. She tested positive for ketones. She recieved 8 units of regular insulin through an IV and 8 units per hour by IV infusion pump.Her blood sugar levels began to drop at about 100 mg/dL each hour. After seven hours her breathing an d pH went back to normal, following an injection of intravenous sodium bicarbonate to raise her pH and vigorous IV fluids and electrolyte replacement. 1. It seems her type 1 diabetes is uncontrolled. As her body could not use the sugar and there is not enough insulin, fat was used for fuel instead. During fat breakdown, byproducts called ketones are developed. Ketone bodies are acidic and dangerous when it build up in the body causing all her symptoms upon admission. . Yes, her pH levels became normal. Meaning her bicarbonate levels increased to compensate for the increased hydrogen proton levels in her blood. 3. When the body uses fat for energy instead of sugar, the body creates a byproduct called ketones. Since this is a byproduct, it flows through the renal system waiting to be expelled from the body. Normally, the existence of ketone bodies are detected through a urine sample. 4. The potassium results were high which can indicate some problem with her kidneys. 5.The low sodium results are based on the fact that sodiums job in the body is to keep proper acid-base equilibrium (homeostasis). Sodium has alkaline properties so if the levels are low the acid levels will be higher. 6. Diabetes can affect normal control of BP and can cause damage to the nerves supplying the blood vessels. When the blood pressure lowers the glomerular filtration rate decreases. 7. Anion gap measures of anions in the arterial blood. Anion gap equals chloride plus bicarbonate minus sodium Na-(Cl + HCO3-).The patient has a anion gap of 30. Normal levels are 7 to 16. 8. Osmolality measures the concentration of all chemical particles found in the fluid part of blood. Normal values range from 275 to 295. The patient has a osmolality of 351. 1 Summary 2: 14 year old boy that was never vaccinated against poliomyelitis got the disease late summer. He was hospitalized and needed a respirator during the severity of the illness. Once he began to recover, they took him off the respirator with no apparent effects. Days later a blood analysis revealed the following. H level is slightly acidic, carbon dioxide levels are high and indicate some respiratory acidosis, blood oxygen level is low, bicarbonate level is high, sodium levels are normal, potassium is normal, chloride level is slightly low, and total carbon dioxide levels are high. 1. It seems the patient has respiratory acidosis. Production of carbon dioxide occurs fast and the failure of proper ventilated increases the CO2 in the blood. 2. Buffers are normal compensatory mechanisms to respond to the acidosis. 3.Yes, the HCO3 (bicarbonate) test is elevated and bicarbonate is a buffer. 4. Acute respiratory acidosis is when a abrupt failure of ventilation occurs. Chronic respiratory acidosis may be secondary to many disorders. 5. Total CO2 measures the serum bicarbonate and available forms of carbon dioxide. Bicarbonate takes up about 95% of the total. They take the bicarbonate measurements by the sample of the venous bl ood and arterial blood gas analysis. 6. Chloride levels are slightly lower due to respiratory muscle weakness. Case Study 2 Chapter 2 Case Study Summary 1: 21-year old woman that has had type 1 diabetes for the past 8 years, was brought to the hospital in a coma. She was prescribed to take 92 units of insulin a day to maintain her sugar levels within normal limits and prevent excess sugar in her urine. Upon admission she was hypontensive, tachycardic and hyperventilating.Her labs show she is acidonic, arterial blood carbon dioxide levels were low, blood oxygen tension is normal, bicarbonate levels are really low indicating metabolic acidosis, low sodium levels, slightly high level of potassium, Chloride level is on the low end of normal, very high levels of blood urea and nitrogen, total carbon dioxide levels are really low, extremely high sugar levels and high creatinine levels. She tested positive for ketones. She recieved 8 units of regular insulin through an IV and 8 units per hour by IV infusion pump.Her blood sugar levels began to drop at about 100 mg/dL each hour. After seven hours her breathing an d pH went back to normal, following an injection of intravenous sodium bicarbonate to raise her pH and vigorous IV fluids and electrolyte replacement. 1. It seems her type 1 diabetes is uncontrolled. As her body could not use the sugar and there is not enough insulin, fat was used for fuel instead. During fat breakdown, byproducts called ketones are developed. Ketone bodies are acidic and dangerous when it build up in the body causing all her symptoms upon admission. . Yes, her pH levels became normal. Meaning her bicarbonate levels increased to compensate for the increased hydrogen proton levels in her blood. 3. When the body uses fat for energy instead of sugar, the body creates a byproduct called ketones. Since this is a byproduct, it flows through the renal system waiting to be expelled from the body. Normally, the existence of ketone bodies are detected through a urine sample. 4. The potassium results were high which can indicate some problem with her kidneys. 5.The low sodium results are based on the fact that sodiums job in the body is to keep proper acid-base equilibrium (homeostasis). Sodium has alkaline properties so if the levels are low the acid levels will be higher. 6. Diabetes can affect normal control of BP and can cause damage to the nerves supplying the blood vessels. When the blood pressure lowers the glomerular filtration rate decreases. 7. Anion gap measures of anions in the arterial blood. Anion gap equals chloride plus bicarbonate minus sodium Na-(Cl + HCO3-).The patient has a anion gap of 30. Normal levels are 7 to 16. 8. Osmolality measures the concentration of all chemical particles found in the fluid part of blood. Normal values range from 275 to 295. The patient has a osmolality of 351. 1 Summary 2: 14 year old boy that was never vaccinated against poliomyelitis got the disease late summer. He was hospitalized and needed a respirator during the severity of the illness. Once he began to recover, they took him off the respirator with no apparent effects. Days later a blood analysis revealed the following. H level is slightly acidic, carbon dioxide levels are high and indicate some respiratory acidosis, blood oxygen level is low, bicarbonate level is high, sodium levels are normal, potassium is normal, chloride level is slightly low, and total carbon dioxide levels are high. 1. It seems the patient has respiratory acidosis. Production of carbon dioxide occurs fast and the failure of proper ventilated increases the CO2 in the blood. 2. Buffers are normal compensatory mechanisms to respond to the acidosis. 3.Yes, the HCO3 (bicarbonate) test is elevated and bicarbonate is a buffer. 4. Acute respiratory acidosis is when a abrupt failure of ventilation occurs. Chronic respiratory acidosis may be secondary to many disorders. 5. Total CO2 measures the serum bicarbonate and available forms of carbon dioxide. Bicarbonate takes up about 95% of the total. They take the bicarbonate measurements by the sample of the venous bl ood and arterial blood gas analysis. 6. Chloride levels are slightly lower due to respiratory muscle weakness.

An American ICON essays

An American ICON essays Sitting on the corner of 34th and 5th streets on about two acres of land sits one of mans greatest engineering feats, the granddaddy of all modern skyscrapers, the Empire State building. Standing 1453 feet tall and having 102 stories above the ground is the 102nd observatory, which gives us one of the most breath taking views in the world. As I was standing there I couldnt help from being over whelmed, by the fact that the building that I was standing in was over three times as old as me. The Empire State Building has become an icon for New York. When some one says New York, the first thing that I think of is the Empire State Building, one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. In 1955 the Empire State Building was named one of the Seven modern Wonders of the western hemisphere. It also became the eighth wonder of the modern world (New York City Insider). Excavation began on Jan. 22, 1930 of this building designed by Architects from Shreve, Lamb s flying (Empire State Building facts page). When I look back on this building I cant believe how they got this thing up so fast. The tools that they had back in the 30s arent even in the same ballpark as the tools that we have today and yet it stands still today as one of the worlds tallest buildings. If you were to ask me back then how high we would be by the year 2000 I would have probably said at least 250 stories and yet we arent anywhere near that mark. The Empire State Building was completed in 410 days this was including Sundays and holidays in all it took about 7,000,000 man-hours to build this massive building. The expected cost of the Empire State Building was estimated to be about $50,000,000 but thanks to the depression it only cost $24,718,000, which...

The Scarlet Letter overview on the book huge poem essays

The Scarlet Letter overview on the book huge poem essays And so it is the seventeenth century And she is wearing the Scarlet Letter And a deformed man stands in the crowd standing for three hours and wearing the A forever And Hester refuses to name whom she had the affair with and he says he will be known! he will be known! and Pearl writhes in painful convulsions and Chillingworth comes to give her medicine And he urges Hester to take a sedative but wants to know who the father is while secretly holding on to his own identity and lives in a small seaside cottage rather than somewhere else in the world and theres a great demand for clothing worn at official ceremonies and despite the popularity of her sewing Hester is still a target of abuse and a social outcast And of great price grows with a character of disrespect for authority And Hester and Pearl are companions and Pearl throws stones and violent words at children with a demand of where she came from and denying the Heavenly Father And Hester fears of rumors about Pearl being taken away and she sets out for Governor Bellinghams mansion ...

World Depression Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World Depression - Research Paper Example It has been argued that just after the World War 1, the old European World Order actually failed to create an equitable and wise order to ensure peaceful settlements between the nations. The war has taken its toll on the respective economies of the European countries also as besides losing millions of soldiers and civilians, European economies suffered due to lack of economic growth and prosperity. This started to further worsen when world economy started to suffer due to the collapse of the US economy. The crash of US Stock Market during October 1929 started a chain reaction of economic downturns at the global level where industrialized countries started to face the similar decline in economic activity. Germany especially felt the most of the brunt as it was not only devastated by war but by low economic output and slow growth too. Since most of the money borrowed to finance the war came from US therefore the overall economic consequences of this have been harsh at the global level. What caused this recession, the effects it left on the global economy and whether this event led to the second World War are some of the questions which will be discussed in this paper. Great Depression It has been unanimously accepted that the Great Depression started with the collapse of US Stock market. ... (Bentley, Ziegler and Streets-Salter.) It is critical to note that US was the largest lender during the World War 1 and many allies countries have extensively borrowed from US. In the aftermath of the recession in US and the failure of the financial institutions, banks in US started to call their loans thus putting pressure on already devastated economies of Europe. These actions therefore created a strong chain reaction of economic downturn at the global level thus creating a global recession. (Ludlam) Many also argue that the rise of economic distress also allowed the rise of Fascism within the European block and aroused the sentiments which finally led to the World War 2. World War II and Great Depression The decline in the economic activity as well as the rising inequality within Europe due to economic crisis has allowed rulers like Hitler to dominate the policy making arena within Europe. People were miserably exhausted not only by the World War 1 but by the economic collapse of these countries also. The spread of the global recession therefore slowly and gradually led to the march towards the Second World War. (Garraty) Though the economic slowdown has allowed rulers like Hitler to rise and dominate however the World War II could have been averted probably with the help of collaborative economic approach where the political solution of the problem could have been sought. During that era, US largely remained neutral however; it continued to provide supplies as well as other support to the allies. If during that era, US has maintained its neutral stance for longer and without actually discriminating between the nations, the

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